2013年夏季南极南设得兰群岛周边海域透光层水团结构          下载免费PDF全文

周梦潇  朱国平 《极地研究》2020,32(1):90-101

南设得兰群岛位于德雷克海峡南侧, 南经布兰斯菲尔德海峡与南极半岛相望。该区域一直是南大洋海洋学研究的热点区域, 近些年已成为南极磷虾渔业的重要作业区。透光层作为海洋生物活动最为集中的区域, 也是海洋中生产力最为丰富的区域。了解透光层水团的特性及变化, 一方面可为南极半岛海洋学研究提供基础信息, 同时也可为南极磷虾等中上层海洋生物的分布及其致因提供科学支撑。通过分析2013年1月至3月南设得兰群岛周边海域5个断面的透光层温、盐数据, 本研究梳理了该区域的水团属性和分布。结果显示, 南设得兰群岛北侧较深水区水团垂向结构明显, 由上至下依次为南极夏季表层水、冬季水和绕极深层水。位于南设得兰群岛南侧的布兰斯菲尔德海峡内, 威德尔海过渡水特征几乎占据了整个布兰斯菲尔德海峡。但布兰斯菲尔德海峡西南侧水团结构较为复杂, 包括了威德尔海过渡水、别林斯高晋海过渡水和德雷克海峡水等。阐明南设得兰群岛周边复杂的水团结构对于进一步开展南大洋生物-物理相互作用研究具有重要的科学意义。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖区盐生植物吸盐效应及其耐盐性评价<sub><sup> </sup></sub>          下载免费PDF全文

余冬梅  祁兆鑫  胡夏嵩  刘亚斌  杨幼清  李淑霞 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

本项研究选取柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖区作为研究区,筛选出了9种优势盐生植物,开展了盐生植物生长区土体颗粒、容重、含水量等物理性质指标,以及土体中HCO<sub>3</sub><sub><sup>-</sup></sub>、Cl<sub><sup>-</sup></sub>、SO<sub>4</sub><sub><sup>2-</sup></sub>、K<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>、Na<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>、Ca<sub><sup>2+</sup></sub>和Mg<sub><sup>2+ </sup></sub>7种易溶盐离子含量试验测试,分析了区内芦苇、海韭菜等9种盐生植物茎叶和根系部分HCO<sub>3</sub><sub><sup>-</sup></sub>、Cl<sub><sup>-</sup></sub>等7种易溶盐离子含量及其分布规律。在此基础上,探讨了区内9种盐生植物对易溶盐离子吸收作用及其差异性；采用盐生植物地上茎叶部分K<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>/Na<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>值结果,定量评价了区内9种盐生植物耐盐性及变化规律,结果表明,区内9种盐生植物茎叶部分K<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>/Na<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>比值,其由大至小依次为：小花棘豆0.84、羊齿天门冬0.58、白刺0.55、盐地风毛菊0.52、海韭菜0.50、无脉苔草0.47、洽草0.41、芦苇0.39和赖草0.34。本项研究结果,利用为尕斯库勒湖区及其周边地区,利用盐生植物有效改良土壤盐渍化方面提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dai  Erfu  Wang  Yahui 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(6):1005-1020

Ecosystem services, which include water yield services, have been incorporated into decision processes of regional land use planning and sustainable development. Spatial pattern characteristics and identification of factors that influence water yield are the basis for decision making. However, there are limited studies on the driving mechanisms that affect the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services. In this study, we used the Hengduan Mountain region in southwest China, with obvious spatial heterogeneity, as the research site. The water yield module in the In VEST software was used to simulate the spatial distribution of water yield. Also, quantitative attribution analysis was conducted for various geomorphological and climatic zones in the Hengduan Mountain region by using the geographical detector method. Influencing factors, such as climate, topography, soil, vegetation type, and land use type and pattern, were taken into consideration for this analysis. Four key findings were obtained. First, water yield spatial heterogeneity is influenced most by climate-related factors, where precipitation and evapotranspiration are the dominant factors. Second, the relative importance of each impact factor to the water yield heterogeneity differs significantly by geomorphological and climatic zones. In flat areas, the influence of evapotranspiration is higher than that of precipitation. As relief increases, the importance of precipitation increases and eventually, it becomes the most influential factor. Evapotranspiration is the most influential factor in a plateau climate zone, while in the mid-subtropical zone, precipitation is the main controlling factor. Third, land use type is also an important driving force in flat areas. Thus, more attention should be paid to urbanization and land use planning, which involves land use changes, to mitigate the impact on water yield spatial pattern. The fourth finding was that a risk detector showed that Primarosol and Anthropogenic soil areas, shrub areas, and areas with slope 5° and 25°–35° should be recognized as water yield important zones, while the corresponding elevation values are different among different geomorphological and climatic zones. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors in different zones should be fully con-sidered while planning the maintenance and protection of water yield services in the Hengduan Mountain region.  相似文献   

Changes in agricultural virtual water in Central Asia, 1992–2016     

Yan  Ziyan  Tan  Minghong 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(11):1909-1920

Journal of Geographical Sciences - In recent years, flows of many rivers and lakes have become reduced in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. The most typical examples of this phenomenon...  相似文献   

Building national eco-cultural protection areas and the Xiangxi practice in Hunan Province     

Liu  Chunla  Wu  Liping  Xu  Mei  Zeng  Fanchao  Jiao  Lipeng 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2076-2092

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Since 2007, the Chinese government has initiated the building of national eco-cultural protection areas (NECPAs), thereby embarking on a significant...  相似文献   

水源钻机在超深土层绳索取心钻进中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨联锋  段云星 《探矿工程》2020,47(11):44-50

山西省清徐县区域地质调查项目设计800、2000、3000 m科学钻探孔，以调查填补新生界底板埋深控制空白区，各孔钻入基岩30 m完钻。要求全孔取心，岩心采取率≮85%，岩心直径≮60 mm，采用塑料保护管采取原状岩样。针对超深软土层、各组地层特性及厚度未知、钻遇基岩完钻深度未知、大直径高保真全孔取心、项目价格远低于目前市场成本等难题，经过“水源钻机+大提钻取心+长裸眼孔段”实施800 m孔、“岩心钻机+绳索取心+套管固井”实施640 m参数对比孔，创新性使用“水源钻机+绳索取心+长裸眼孔段”工艺完成了2000 m孔的施工。该工艺岩心采取率达到93%，孔径和孔斜符合地质要求，为3000 m孔顺利施工打下了坚实的基础，为同类型项目提供了经验和借鉴。  相似文献   

卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王研  徐腾飞  李淑江  Susanto R. Dwi  Agustiadi Teguh  Trenggono Mukti  谭伟  魏泽勋 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):47-57

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.  相似文献   

我国海洋保护地现状、问题及发展对策          下载免费PDF全文

赵林林  程梦旎  应佩璇  曲方圆  张朝晖 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(5):3-7

随着我国海洋经济的不断发展,沿海地区的海洋环境和生态系统面临的压力不断加剧。海洋保护地作为海洋生态环境管理的有效手段,近30年来被广泛应用于海洋生物多样性和生态系统保护,取得了显著的成就和效果。文章通过对我国海洋保护地的建设情况进行系统研究,阐述了海洋保护地的发展现状和管理体制,重点剖析了海洋保护地管理和建设过程中面临的缺乏顶层设计、管理能力和管护条件弱、管理人才和资金少、空间发展不平衡等问题,在建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的新形势下,为我国海洋保护地的发展提出了健全海洋保护地管理制度体系、构建海洋保护地网络体系、加强海洋保护地管理能力建设和加强海洋保护地宣传教育等对策建议。  相似文献   

Faecal indicator bacteria in New Zealand freshwater fish: a pilot study     

Sarah Coxon  Jon S Harding  Brent Gilpin 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(3):470-479

Recent studies have suggested that poikilothermic animals, such as fish, may represent a previously overlooked source of the faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) used for the assessment of water quality. However, quantitative studies of FIB in poikilotherms are scarce. We investigated the presence of FIB in the faeces of five freshwater fish species. E. coli and enterococci were detected in 71 and 76% of faecal samples, respectively. Concentrations were highly variable, with maximum concentrations (2.1?×?10⁴ E. coli and 1.3?×?10⁶ enterococci per gram of faecal material) up to four orders of magnitude higher than present in the water column. FIB were not detected in faecal samples from marine fish. Our findings suggest that FIB ingested from the environment may be capable of replication within the fish gut, making fish a potential source and transport mechanism for FIB in New Zealand freshwaters. This may have implications for water quality monitoring.  相似文献   

Changes in hillslope hydrology in a perched,shallow soil system due to clearcutting and residual biomass removal     

Colin P. R. McCarter  Stephen D. Sebestyen  Susan L. Eggert  Randall K. Kolka  Carl P. J. Mitchell 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5354-5369

Sustainable fuels legislation and volatility in energy prices have put additional pressures on the forestry sector to intensify the harvesting of biomass for “advanced biofuel” production. To better understand how residual biomass removal after harvest affects forest hydrology in relatively low slope terrain, a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study was conducted in the USDA Forest Service's Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA. Hydrological measurements were made from 2010–2013 on a forested hillslope that was divided into three treatment blocks, where one block was harvested and residual biomass removed (Biomass Removed), the second was harvested and residual biomass left (Biomass Left), and the last block was left as an Unharvested Control. The pre-harvest period (2 years) was 2010–11 and post-harvest (2 years) was 2012–13. Water table elevation at the upslope and downslope position, subsurface runoff, and soil moisture were measured between May–November. Mixed effect statistical models were used to compare both the before-after and “control” treatment ratios (ratios between harvested hillslopes and the Unharvested Control hillslope). Subsurface runoff significantly increased (p < .05) at both harvested hillslopes but to a greater degree on the Biomass Left hillslope. Greater subsurface runoff volumes at both harvested hillslopes were driven by substantial increases during fall, with additional significant increases during summer on the Biomass Left hillslope. The hydrological connectivity, inferred from event runoff ratios, increased due to harvesting at both hillslopes but only significantly on the Biomass Left hillslope. The winter harvest minimized soil disturbance, resulting in no change to the effective hydraulic conductivity distribution with depth. Thus, the observed hydrological changes were driven by increased effective precipitation and decreased evapotranspiration, increasing the duration that both harvested hillslopes were hydrologically active. The harvesting of residual biomass appears to lessen hydrological connectivity relative to leaving residual biomass on the hillslope, potentially decreasing downstream hydrological impacts of similar forestry operations.  相似文献